CMOS current reference circuits play a critical role in modern integrated circuits by providing a stable and reproducible current source that remains unaffected by variations in supply voltage, ...

The first CMOS chip was created by Fairchild Semiconductor, presented at ISSCC in 1963. The logic topologies used in today’s textbooks originated in this work. P-type devices are slower than N-type by ...

A previous Design Idea makes clever use of the ability of the 4017 CMOS counters to accept either positive or negative edge-clock signals, even though it leaves two LEDs on at once (Reference 1). But ...

In recent years, gallium nitride (GaN) has emerged as a compelling candidate to complement the silicon material used in wireless communication and power conversion applications. Benefits of GaN ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...