Many aquatic animals enclose embryos in gelatinous masses, and these embryos rely on diffusion to supply oxygen. Mass structure plays an important role in limiting or facilitating O2 supply, but ...

Osmosis through semi-permeable pores is a complex process by which solvent is driven by its free energy gradient towards a solute-rich reservoir. We have studied osmotic flow across a semi-permeable ...

The experimentally verified hydrodynamic approach to a description of diffusive and convective flow of solute across mutual membrane pathways is compared with the phenomenological equation resulting ...

The authors describe a novel approach for the integrity testing of large sterile filter systems such as multiround housings and describe a multipoint diffusion test capable of detecting minor failures ...

Three key options are available for carrying out filter integrity testing and the chosen option is dependant on the filter membrane material. Test procedures for filters with hydrophilic membranes ...