Data assimilation in fluid dynamics is a rapidly expanding field that endeavours to enhance the predictive capability of numerical models by integrating observational data into the computational ...

Data assimilation lies at the heart of numerical weather prediction, enabling the integration of observational data with dynamic atmospheric models to produce more accurate initial conditions and ...

Data assimilation is an important mathematical discipline in earth sciences, particularly in numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, conventional data assimilation methods require significant ...