The final part of this series will start with bias servo circuits for automatic set up. The FETs pinch off or threshold voltage can vary widely for the same part number. Depending on the fabrication ...

FET constant current sources use JFETs and MOSFETs to deliver a load current, which remains constant despite changes in load resistance or supply voltage. A FET constant current source is a type of ...

In the fantasy world of schematic diagrams, wires have no resistance and square waves have infinitely sharp rise times. The real world, of course, is much crueler. There are many things you can use to ...

Many embedded systems require a stable, low-noise DC reference. This reference can be a stable current or voltage source. These references are used in many ways. Some typical uses are listed as ...

If you have ever read advanced textbooks or papers about electronics, you may have been surprised to see the use of complex numbers used in the analysis of AC circuits. A complex number has two parts: ...

How to use statistical tools for component tolerance analysis. A look at methods such as Monte Carlo and Gaussian distribution. Simulating a dc-dc converter in LTspice to model closed-loop voltage ...

If a charged particle beam interacts with structures of different electric conductivity in a microelectronic circuit, this leads to local changes in the electric potential at its surface. In a ...