The panel found that specific instruction in the major parts of reading (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension) is the best approach to teaching most children to read. …

Teaching with letters is important because this helps children apply their PA skills to reading and writing. Teaching children to blend phonemes with letters helps them decode.

Sight-word programs that begin by teaching children a sight-word reading vocabulary of from 50 to 100 words. Only after they learn to read these words do children receive instruction in the alphabetic …

Teaching Children to Read Findings and Determinations of the National Reading Panel by Topic Areas Alphabetics Phonemic Awareness Instruction Phonemes are the smallest units composing spoken …

The combination of practice and feedback promotes reading fluency. Teaching vocabulary words —teaching new words, either as they appear in text or by introducing new words separately. This …

The Panel developed a detailed outline of each of the selected studies, organized to permit comparison across studies. The Panel reviewed the research in reading comprehension instruction broadly and …

In 1997, Congress convened the National Reading Panel to assess the effectiveness of different approaches used to teach children to read. The panel was made up of 14 people, including leading …

Introduction Although reading is based on the technology of writing and printing, the history of reading instruction reflects a recurrent interest in the application of other technologies, for example, reading …

Background Reading comprehension strategy instruction has been a major research topic for more than 20 years. The idea behind this approach to instruction is that reading comprehension can be …

Systematic phonics instruction is a way of teaching reading that stresses the acquisition of letter-sound correspondences and their use to read and spell words (Harris & Hodges, 1995). Phonics instruction …